About the book

Human trafficking is a world-wide problem with tens of millions of victims. Fuelled by a lethal mix of poverty, inequality, mass migration, (especially undocumented migration), trans-governmental corruption and digital communications that decrease the distance between victim and perpetrator, human trafficking, modern slavery, or TIP (trafficking in persons), has become one of the most urgent human rights issues of our time. Proliferating from its initial concentration points in underdeveloped parts of South and South East Asia, TIP, (our preferred term), now embraces the entire globe. This includes the United States, Europe, Latin America, and Africa - where Southern Africa has the dubious distinction of now emerging into the top-ten world-wide routes for this type of criminal abuse.

This book provides an analysis of the development and incidence of TIP in the Republic and its subcontinent, mainly but not entirely because of events between the collapse of apartheid and the present situation at the beginning of the third quarter of the 21st century. This involves (a) defining the nature of TIP; (b) analysing its main expressions in sex, child, labour, and organ trafficking); (c) assessing their social impact; and evaluatingthe remedies available in various counter-trafficking programs emerging in Southern African countries in recent years.

Within this context it also examines the 4xP formula used in most trafficking studies to delineate and understand the subject. These refer to programs to address TIP in a preventative capacity, to protect its victims, to prosecute the perpetrators, and to develop Counter-Trafficking Coalitions (CTC’s), or partnerships, between the state and civil society to address these heinous crimes as both law enforcement and public policy level.

Particular attention is given to these issues in the light of the need to re-empower victims, ongoing globalisation, climate change and a post-COVID world which has increased the number of vulnerable persons while reducing the capacities of law enforcement systems.

About the author

Philip Frankel is a political scientist and Professor in the Department of Social Sciences at St. Augustine’s College of South Africa in Victory Park, Johannesburg.

Frankel was educated at the University of the Witwatersrand in Johannesburg where he obtained a Master of Arts. He then obtained a second Master of Arts and a Doctorate in Philosophy from Princeton University in the USA.

Previously Head of the Department of Political Studies at the University of the Witwatersrand, he is the author of countless articles and studies on various topics that have appeared in peer-reviewed journals, conference papers and in the South African and international media.

Contents
Preface

Chapter 1: Human Trafficking: An Overview.

Chapter 2: Sex Trafficking

Chapter 3: Child Trafficking

Chapter 4: Labour Trafficking

Chapter 5: Counter-trafficking

Chapter 6: The Regional Framework

Chapter 7: Conclusion: Beyond COVID

Index
About the Author
Notes
Bibliography